ethiopian orthodox zema bet

Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. Usually the child learns the whole set of letters in sequence by heart, so that in reality he may not be able to distinguish on letter from the other. The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century. memorization. = , 22. A teacher specialized in Qedasse or the Mass is to be found in practically all the main churches. . : : 1. With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. The long monastic tradition dates beck to the fifth century and the significant role of monasticism in the diffusion of Christian learning during the mediaeval period has been described in an earlier chapter. .. The same process is repeated for several days or even months. The teacher normally does not set a formal examination to judge the work of the pupil. Through history, the Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. = The following illustration may make this clear. Traditional education derives its distinctive character from the unique Christian heritage of the country. We shall not discuss here the historical development, but rather the educational activities of the schools, as we know them today in the country. The canon law (Fetha Negest) as well as the calendar calculation (Bahre Hasab) are also studied here. Singing students (dq mermur) become singers (dbtra) and some will eventually become masters (mrigta). Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. In some cases students are made to memorize the texts of the Psalms. In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. The higher schools of the church Children master the 231 letters of the Geez syllabary, and are drilled in the art of good reading. ( .. ) ()= , 20. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. The Qne bet ( house of the qne) is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian OrthodoxTwahdoChurch. A reader of the psalms enjoys certain privileges as one of the elite in his village. . 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 11 - , 6 - , 9 - ( ), 10 - ( ), 12 - , 13 - , 34 - , 35 - , 17 - , 19 . The second branch is the Haddis, a specialized school on the commentaries of the 35 Books of the Ethiopian New Testament. After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. . A member of the Oriental Orthodox family of Churches, the Church of Ethiopia shares with them in essence a common faith. This is considered one of the most important events in the life of the pupil. ( ) :: . . = , 3. With this stage the pupil is introduction to the art of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed. The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. = , 3. , 15 -. = , 20 - . THE CHURCH OF ETHIOPIA A PANORAMA OF HISTORY AND SPIRITUAL LIFE If the student has already read different books as described above, the student of the Psalms is not too difficult. selected epistles of St. Paul, St. James, and St. Peter; the Gospels, usually the Gospel of St. John is used as a text for exercise; Arganon: praises of St. Tamara Mariam: the miracles and wonder of St. Mary; Paulos: the epistles of St. Paul; Tamara Iyasus: the miracles of Jesus; the Acts of the Apostles, etc. One could say that in the Qene School the content of learning covers practically all aspects of the values of the traditional social system in which the student lives. When the teacher is convinced from his daily observations that his pupil had mastered the reading exercises, he lets him start to learn the reading of the Psalms. Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. Ethiopian Orthodox Church school's curriculum and its ways of provision, assessment, code of conduct, methodology and the livelihood of Ye'qolo Temari. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church > > > > > > //// . ( ) :: :. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema. The Qne bet teachers say that once the student has been taught the way of right thinking, he attains a position to express himself or to criticize oth- ers views. ( ) The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Mezmur have a long history in Ethiopia although their origins are not clear. [11] Ethiopian Church music remains tightly bounded within the communities and rarely attracts attention by outsiders. 13 - ( ) = . . = , 26. = , 13 [ ], 11 - () = ( ) - .. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. c) Reading of the Psalm of David. = ( ) = .. 'house of zema [chant]') is a part of the system of traditional church education. They are known as ararai, ezil and geeze. A publication of the EOTC, Your email address will not be published. [ . If one misses a word or an idea, another member of the group recalls it and supplements. [ ], 3 - = , 4 - . [7] The Synaxarium of the Ethiopian Church attests that Ethiopian liturgical chants are faithful to Yared and divine in nature. The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from mnnn, to renounce; KaneDic 272f.) In spite of the monotony of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time, the students show surprisingly high morale. = , 12. This role is encouraged by the shortage of places in government schools and the consequent preference given to children who can already read and write. The teacher may then make some remarks on the students work for the day. () = , 21. The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. The training challenges the memory of the child rather than leading him to think. 19 - .. . 20 = (2) . He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. This is the general term for the School of Commentaries composed of four branches. It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. The girls from traditional families who have attended the school usually marry before or shortly after they complete the lessons in the House of Reading. Usually, there is no financial support for the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works. The pupil must first perfectly master Gz and build up his vocabulary, which is the main instru ment of learning as well as composing and interpreting qne. As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. This is available for about ten cents in every market place in the country, so that the traditional parchment is disappearing. It is a one-teacher school, with instruction given by a priest or layman with church education. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. = , 8 . = , 25. However, before and after the mass there are readings of the scriptures, ritual dance, and long hymns and poems. ], 8. . . Through observation or day-to-day practice and instruction by his priest-master, the boy learns the Church activities and functions of a deacon and of a priest. The child uses four methods to practice reading this text known as Fidel Hawaria or the first Epistle of St. john, first he pronounces every letter of the word pointing at each letter with a straw (Qutir-method). . Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. = , 8 - ( ) = - ., 9 - ( ) = , 10 - = ( ) - ., 03. Privacy-Statement . Saint John Chrysostom, Qerlos and others. = [ . . The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. However, Ethiopian Churches in smaller communities face challenges in maintaining the liturgical cycle and musical tradition. ADE EYESUS ( ) : https://youtu.be/Kg9KflxOW5M8. However, he follows the progress of his student daily, so no special tests are needed. In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. b) Drill in the reading of various religious texts the beginning of reading. There are Qene forms or models that the student has to master in order to be able to compose the Qene poems which are sung in different sections of the liturgy of the church or used to celebrate church and state ceremonials. The methods of practicing the reading are those described under the Fidel Hawaria, namely, Qutir, Geez, Wurdnebab, and Nebab. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar city. 81 2 . The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. - ., 2. The main reason for wandering in search of schools and teachers is that in rural areas any higher education is not possible for a youth who remains with his parents, except in a few cases of Debtera families. = , 11 - = , 12 - = , 13 - = , 14 - = , 15 - . The church school system, which is one of the oldest in Christendom, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the introduction of Christianity about the 4th century. . ], 2. The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. . . Last Checked: 01/18/2023. - . Pupils need not understand the texts of these books, but they have to be able to read them well, since thee are the books read in the church service, where young boys serve as readers, deacons, and later on as priests. Humming at the lowest range of the male voice. When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat Some of the pupils who complete the Nebab Bet join a Qedasse School, one of the schools are the liturgy. [4], Saint Yared has been credited with the invention of the musical tradition of Ethiopian liturgical chants. BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. Deggwa, Ethiopian antiphons, in particular are of much later origin, dating from the second half of the 16th century. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. .. = , 19. The teacher either approves and gives the student a new assignment or orders further practice on the same text. [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. In the Christian highlands of Ethiopia, the Church constituted the main guardian of traditional culture and provided the only schools in the land for many centuries. In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. = [ ], 3. [6], Students of Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and begin practicing singing in childhood. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. Traditionally a boy can receive only the Nebab Bet instruction while he is at home. = , 18. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar cit y. About nine models are famous in the Samenna Worq (wax and gold) Qene system. The student strains his power of expression to construct the Qene verses in a vivid, enigmatic manner or to express his experience in social life in connection with biblical stories, visions, and legendary events. The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word. 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The related musical notation is known as melekket. The lessons advance in this manner day after day until the student finishes the fixed text of the hymn and knows it by heart. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. We may then be justified, with some reservation, in saying that at present the total Nebab bet enrolment might well be 300,000. Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. = , 8. Those who want to study further may join the next school, the Metsehaf Bet. Wandering students usually come from farming and clerical families very few are from the higher classes. The usually strict demands of the teachers are accepted with out hesitation, because the wandering student has come to the school of his own free will and has willingly submitted himself to the authority of the teacher. . . The majority of the Debtera are laymen, and as such they are not allowed to serve in the mass and the administration of sacraments. The resulting high morale in the school community helps the individual student to adapt himself to the hard work. display: none !important; . / eathebook ! To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. When the pupil is able to read a text, he starts a new lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e. . . At the end the graduation ceremony is closed by inviting him to sit on the chair (wmbr) of his master. This memorization of the commentary of the books exacts many years of exercise and labour, which the adult student is ready to accept. This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. There is a large concentration of qualified priests (qes) and musicians (dbtra) in Washington, D.C. A teacher specialized in this branch of the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e. This process is known as Qutir, i.e. Each group sings from a single text, or one of the groups sings and the rest observe him. a) Fidel (Alphabets) Instruction A student of the Nebab Bet or Qedasse Bet, who would like to join the higher schools, usually leaves his parents and joins the wandering students who travel from parish to parish and form monastery to monastery.

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